The 1953 Conquest of the Desert exhibition in Jerusalem, recognised by the 28th General Assembly of the BIE on 13 November 1951, entailed a discussion about the reclamation and population of desert areas. It was the first major international exhibition to take place in the newly created state.

Main insights were made about ways to beat back the desert for food and living place in an increasingly populated world.

Western European countries were present and, even though it boycotted the opening ceremony for political reasons, the United States of America also participated. The Soviet Union declined the invitation to participate.

Participants included intergovernmental organisations such as the UNESCO and the WHO.

In addition to scientific conferences taking place during daytime, a cultural twist was added at night through concerts and open-air plays.

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